Breath test for lung cancer

Every year in the U.S.A., 99,000 men and 78,000 women develop lung cancer. Only 14% of them are still alive five years later. But if the lung cancer is localized at the time of diagnosis, and treated promptly, the five-year survival rate is increased more than threefold. Consequently, an early screening test has the potential to reduce the death rate from lung cancer.

In a pilot study of patients at the Penn State-Geisenger Health System in Hershey, PA and the Imperial College School of Medicine in London, England, we found a combination of 22 breath volatile organic compounds, predominantly alkanes and methylalkanes, was sensitive and specific for lung cancer.

We subsequently identified a new comprehensive markers of oxidative stress, the breath methylated alkane contour (BMAC). In a second study, we found that the BMAC was altered in patients with lung cancer, and that the breath test provided an accurate early marker of disease.

We are now performing a larger confirmatory study of the breath test with the support of an SBIR Phase II grant award from the National Institutes of Health at these sites:

Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York
Cornell Weill Medical Center, New York
Danbury Hospital, Danbury, Connecticut
Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit
New York University Medical Center, New York
University of California Los Angeles Medical Center

These findings have been reported in:

(PDF Document) Phillips M, Gleeson K, Hughes JMB, Greenberg J, Cataneo RN, Baker L and McVay WP: Volatile organic compounds in breath as markers of lung cancer: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 1999; 353: 1930-33. Commentary Lancet 1999; 353: 1897-98.

(PDF Document) Phillips M, Cataneo RN, Greenberg J, Gunawardena R, Naidu A and Rahbari-Oskoui F: Effect of age on the breath methylated alkane contour, a display of apparent new markers of oxidative stress. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 2000: 136: 243-9.

(PDF Document) Phillips M, Cataneo RN, Cummin ARC, Gagliardi AJ, Gleeson K, Greenberg J, Maxfield RA, Rom WN: Detection of lung cancer with volatile markers in the breath. Chest 2003;123: 2115-2123.